Spintronics emerged from discoveries in the 1980s concerning spindependent electron transport phenomena in solidstate devices. Gme discovered by albert fert in france and peter gruenberg in germany. Albert fert graphene spintronics european commission. This includes the observation of spinpolarized electron injection from a ferromagnetic metal to a normal metal by johnson and silsbee 1985 and the discovery of giant magnetoresistance independently by albert fert et al. German physicists albert fert et al in paris and peter grunberg et al in jullich. The discovery of giant magnetoresistance gmr opened up a new area of technology spintronics which, in contrast to conventional electronics, uses not only the charge, but also the spin of the electron. This discovery is considered to be the birth of spintronics. Albert fert nobel prize in physics 2007, the origin, the development and the future of spintronics, nobel lecture as pdf at. We tried to present simply the physical phenomena involved in spintronics no equations but many schematics. Spintronics spinbased electronics strives for the active manipulation of the electron spin to transmit and process information 1. Cmos technology, merging spintronics with semiconductors spin injection into semiconductors 2000 schmidt et al. Overview electrons have a charge and a spin, but until recently, charges and spins have been considered separately. Origin, development, and future of spintronics nobel.
He was introduced by professor per carlson, chairman of the nobel committee for physics. The aim of the project is to enable fundamental understanding of new effects emerging in the field of spintronics and spincaloritronics in magnetic nanosystems. Albert fert of the university o f parissud, who first. From spin dependent conduction in ferromagnets to giant. Spintronics is a new paradigm for electronics which utilizes the electrons spin in addition to its charge for device functionality. Spintronics with molecules spintronics with spintronics. Spintronics the aim is to use the spin state as well, which. However, the term spintronics has gained a considerable popularity recently. He discovered giant magnetoresistance which was used to make gigabyte hard disks much easier to build. Origin, development, and future of spintronics nobel lecture. Pdf the emergence of spin electronics in data storage. Paris sud, universite paris saclay, 91767, palaiseau, france this article aims at giving a general presentation of spintronics, an important field of.
Spintronics is based on the spin of electrons existing in one of the two. Compared with conventional electronic devices, which. Albert fert, nobel laureate in physics 2007, describes firsthand the discovery of gmr and the development of spintronics. Focus on spintronics and spin physics piramanayagam 2011. Spintronics, at the interface between magnetism and electronics, is a new field of research in considerable. Semantic scholar profile for albert fert, with 195 highly influential citations and 253 scientific research papers. French theoretician albert fert and german experimenter peter gruenberg led to the advent of spintronics. Short bio 1 2 dont miss this opportunity to meet him in person. Albert fert is a french physicist and one of the discoverers of giant magnetoresistance which. Albert fert, recipient of the 2007 nobel prize in physics, opened the eugene p. Effect that revolutionized hard drives nets a nobel science.
Perpendicular magnetic multilayers for advanced memory. Spintronics and spincaloritronics in magnetic nanosystems. Albert fert had many contributions to the development of spintronics and, after his 2007 nobel prize, he is exploring the emerging direction of the exploitation of topological properties in spintronics. Spintronics and promising applications jianping wang university of minnesota. Spintronics, from giant magnetoresistance to magnetic. Wigner distinguished lecture series in science, technology, and policy. Different techniques to inject spin polarization are discussed. Conversion between spin and charge currents by rashba or. The origins of spintronics can be traced back even further to the. Professor albert fert and professor peter grunberg received their. Albert fert born 7 march 1938 is a french physicist. Albert fert, 2007 nobel prize laureate in physics spintronics. Albert fert is a physicist at the university parissud in orsay and at umph, a joint laboratory of cnrs and company thales. Albert fert delivered his nobel lecture on 8 december 2007, at aula magna, stockholm university.
Semantic scholar extracted view of thz spectroscopy for thz spintronics by thomas j. Magnetic thin film and spintronics magnetic thin film is used for data storage and memory applications pma perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is fundamental building block for. Albert fert simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Albert fert, nobel laureate in physics 2007, describes firsthand the discovery of gmr and the. He received his masters degree in 1963 at the university of paris, and earned his phd in 1970 at the universite parissud. Major contributions to the development of spintronics. The conduction between layers is spin dependent and small changes of the magnetic field result in a significant current. Organic semiconductors are attractive candidates for spintronics applications because of their long spin lifetimes. Spins and topology quantum information applications. A giant magneto resistive gmr device is made of at least. Understanding of spintronics principles and applications gagandeep aulakh assistant professor, khalsa college for women, sidhwan khurd, punjab, india abstract origin of spintronic properties in solid state materials and their relation with spin polarization is shown in this paper. Spintronics is the area of condensedmatter physics that studies the properties of the electron spin, with a view to improve the efficiency of electronic devices and to enrich them with new.
Spintronics to the rescue use fringe fields of spin valve arrays. The 2007 nobel prize for physics was shared by albert fert and peter grunberg. Spintronics came into lime light in 1988 when french and german physicists albert fert et al in paris and peter grunberg et al in jullich independently discovered the giant magneto resistance gmr. Origin, development, and future of spintronics nobel lecture fert. Giant magnetoresistance of 001fe001cr magnetic superlattices pdf. The origin, the development and the future of spintronics. Ce rt if ie d th at s em in ar work entitled spintronics and spintronic devices.
The fabrication of very thin layers of magnetic metals made possible the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance effect, gmr. We also described the applications of spintronics, those of today and those expected to have an important. Jet propulsion laboratory, california institute of technology. An mtj normally consistsof twoferromagnetic layers separated bya barrier layer. Pdf gmr and spintronics take their roots in the pioneering work of albert fert around 1970 on the influence of the spin on the mobility of electrons. Albert fert graphene spintronics albert fert graduated in 1962 from the ecole normale superieure in paris. Pdf electrons have a charge and a spin, but until recently these were considered separately. In a more narrow sense spintronics is an emerging research field of electronics. As has been mentioned in the nobel lecture by albert fert and peter grunberg 6, 7, gmr exploited the influence of the spin of the electron on. This article aims at giving a general presentation of spintronics, an important field of research developing today along many new directions in physics of condensed matter. Gmr and spintronics take their roots in previous researches on the influence of the spin on the electrical conduction in ferromagnetic metals35. Handbook of spin transport and magnetism provides a comprehensive, balanced account of the state of the art in. A short spintronics history major advances and events related to spintronics research.
Fert, shaped angular dependence of the spintransfer torque and microwave generation without magnetic field, nature physics 3, 492 2007. Spincal stands for spintronics and spincaloritronics in magnetic nanosystems, a joint research project jrp funded by the european metrology research programme emrp. Pdf thz spectroscopy for thz spintronics semantic scholar. Currently professor at universite parissud in orsay and scientific director of a. Other spintronic properties are exploited in the mram that are expected to impact soon the technology of the computers and phones. Spintronics refers commonly to phenomena in which the spin of electrons in a solid state environment plays the determining role. Albert fert universite parissud, changed our view of the role of the electron spin in electrical transport and has been honored by the 2007 nobel prize in. Gmr and spintronics take their roots in the pioneering work of albert fert around 1970 on the influence of the spin on the mobility of electrons in ferromagnetic materials.
55 888 1305 413 1231 1308 918 230 1140 29 113 420 334 763 43 1087 61 1108 6 259 449 19 1061 247 1026 180 175 147 25 592 562 72 1495 1306